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Treatment barrier monitoring: optimising bacteria removal in water treatment systems


Two men looking at graphs to optimize treatment barrier monitoring

To remove bacteria, treatment barriers like filtration membranes and disinfection processes are critical in water treatment systems. These barriers must be effective in maintaining water safety and regulatory compliance. However, traditional microbial analysis methods often fall short due to slow results and limited detection scope, leaving water operators vulnerable to undetected changes in water quality. 


For effective treatment barrier monitoring, there’s a growing need for real-time, automated solutions that provide comprehensive data on bacteria removal and overall system performance.


Challenges in treatment barrier monitoring


Water treatment systems face several challenges in maintaining barrier efficiency. By understanding these challenges, operators can optimise treatment processes and ensure the continuous removal of harmful bacteria. 


Biofouling and variable feed water conditions


Biofouling and fluctuating feed water conditions can significantly affect the performance of water treatment barriers. Feed water quality can change after events such as heavy rainfall or system maintenance, which adds stress to filtration membranes and disinfection processes. When barriers are overwhelmed or fouled, pathogens may pass through, increasing public health risks. Effective treatment barrier monitoring helps detect these changes in real time, allowing for prompt corrective action.


Membrane breaches and disinfection failures


Membrane breaches and disinfection failures are critical concerns in water treatment. If undetected, these issues can allow harmful bacteria and pathogens to bypass the system. Early detection is crucial to prevent contamination and ensure compliance with safety regulations. However, traditional monitoring methods are often too slow, and more sensitive methods are needed to detect these failures before they become serious. A more robust approach is necessary to ensure the integrity of treatment barriers.  


Traditional microbial analysis: limitations in water safety monitoring


While still used in some contexts, traditional microbial analysis methods have significant limitations regarding treatment barrier monitoring. These techniques typically involve growing bacteria in a lab setting, which takes time and only detects a fraction of the total microbiome in the water. 


Slow turnaround and limited detection


Traditional microbial analysis techniques, such as culturing bacteria, rely on microbial growth to deliver results. This delay makes it difficult for operators to respond quickly to changes in water quality. Additionally, these methods only detect a small portion of the bacteria present, potentially missing critical shifts in microbial populations that could indicate treatment barrier failures. 


Water operators need faster, more comprehensive solutions for real-time bacterial level monitoring and overall system performance. 


Online flow cytometry: a breakthrough in real-time treatment barrier monitoring


To address the limitations of traditional microbial analyses, online flow cytometry has emerged as a cutting-edge solution for real-time treatment barrier monitoring. This technology allows water operators to quickly and accurately measure bacterial levels, helping to ensure the continued effectiveness of filtration and disinfection processes.


What is flow cytometry?


Flow cytometry is a technique that uses laser-based technology to count and identify cells, including bacteria, in a water sample. Unlike cultivation-based methods, flow cytometry can virtually detect all bacteria present and deliver results in as little as 20 minutes. This rapid data collection gives operators a clearer picture of water quality, allowing them to respond to short-term microbial changes and trends in real time. 


Benefits of membrane integrity monitoring


Flow cytometry is particularly valuable for membrane integrity monitoring in filtration systems. By providing real-time data on bacterial levels, this technology helps operators detect membrane breaches and identify poorly performing filtration units early. 


Role in log reduction value quantification


One key metric in treatment barrier monitoring is the log reduction value (LRV), which can measure the effectiveness of a treatment barrier in reducing bacterial levels. Flow cytometry can play a crucial role in LRV quantification, providing accurate data to assess the performance of filtration systems. Recent studies have shown that flow cytometry can detect membrane integrity losses earlier than traditional methods, helping operators maintain better system performance and safety.


Applications of flow cytometry in water treatment


Flow cytometry offers valuable insights across various aspects of water treatment, helping to improve filtration and disinfection processes. 


Filtration systems: early detection of membrane failures


Flow cytometry helps detect burn-in failures after new assets are commissioned and identify filtration units starting to underperform in membrane-based filtration systems. Flow cytometry water operators make real-time adjustments by continuously monitoring bacterial levels, ensuring filtration systems remain effective under varying operational conditions.


Disinfection processes: real-time adjustments for improved efficiency


Flow cytometry enhances disinfection monitoring by allowing operators to adjust disinfectant dosing and contact time based on real-time data. This capability ensures that disinfection processes, such as chlorination, ozonation and UV treatment, are consistently effective, even under challenging conditions.


Additionally, flow cytometry helps reduce operational costs by optimising disinfectant use and minimising the formation of harmful byproducts. It also supports event-based sampling, providing early warnings when disinfection performance declines. This capability ensures timely interventions, helping to maintain water safety and system reliability. 


Advantages of real-time treatment barrier monitoring 


Using online flow cytometry in water treatment systems offers numerous advantages, particularly regarding response time and microbial analysis. 


Faster response to water quality issues


One of the most significant benefits of flow cytometry is the ability to detect water quality changes almost instantly. The rapid, real-time feedback it provides allows water operators to respond to problems such as membrane breaches or disinfection failures before they escalate, helping to prevent contamination and ensuring compliance with safety regulations.


Comprehensive microbial insights


Unlike traditional methods, which focus on a small microbiome subset, flow cytometry offers comprehensive insights into microbial dynamics. This allows operators to track bacterial-level trends, making it easier to identify issues like biofouling or equipment failures early on.


Revolutionising treatment barrier monitoring with flow cytometry


In conclusion, treatment barrier monitoring is critical for ensuring the safety and efficacy of water treatment systems. Traditional microbial analysis methods are slow and limited, but online flow cytometry has revolutionised how operators monitor bacterial removal in filtration and disinfection processes. 


Flow cytometry improves system performance, enhances water safety and reduces operational costs by providing fast, accurate and comprehensive data. Solutions like BactoSense CORE and BactoSense SMART are leading the way in this space, empowering water operators with the tools they need to ensure that treatment barriers always perform at their best.


Adopting flow cytometry is a step toward more reliable, efficient and safe water management for anyone involved in water treatment. Book a demo to learn how flow cytometry can transform your water treatment system.

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